Vocational education and training - VET

Across multiple societal sectors, demand is growing to measure individual and group competencies. Unpacked following the assessment triangle (construct, observation, inference), competency measurement is exemplified by research from business, military and education sectors. Generalizability theory, a statistical theory for modeling and evaluating the dependability of competency scores, is applied to several of these examples. The paper then pulls together the threads into a general competency measurement model.
http://www.ervet.ch/pdf/PDF_V2_Issue1/shavelson.pdf

In the past few decades, nearly every major organization has implemented competencies in some form to communicate performance constructs, expectations, organizational functions or even values. Yet evidence of the reliability, validity and utility of this kind of organization-wide, competency modeling, especially when employing single item measurement scales is sadly lacking. This paper explores competency uses, types, and measurement challenges related to implementing competencies in military organizations.
http://www.internationalmta.org/Documents/2011/2011071P.pdf